Benzodiazepines (also called “benzos”) are a class of agents that work in the central nervous system and are used for a variety of medical conditions.
They act on specific receptors in the brain, called gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABA-A) receptors. Benzodiazepines attach to these receptors and make the nerves in the brain less sensitive to stimulation, which has a calming effect.
Benzodiazepines may be used to treat:
All benzodiazepines work in a similar way but there are differences in the way individual benzodiazepines act on different GABA-A receptor sub-types. In addition, some benzodiazepines are more potent than others or work for a longer length of time. The table below summarizes the common benzodiazepines available in the U.S.
| Generic Name | Brand Name | Common Uses | Half-life* |
|---|---|---|---|
|
* The half-life is the amount of time it takes for half of the drug to be eliminated from the body. The shorter the half-life, the quicker the drug is eliminated. All benzodiazepines are listed as DEA scheduled IV controlled substances. As controlled substances, all benzodiazepines have the potential for abuse, addiction and diversion. |
|||
| alprazolam | Niravam, Xanax, Xanax XR | anxiety, panic disorders | 6-26h (short-acting) |
| chlordiazepoxide | Librax | anxiety, alcohol withdrawal | 30-100h (long-acting) |
| clobazam | Onfi | Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, adjunct (seizures) | 71-82h (long-acting) |
| clonazepam | Klonopin | seizure disorder, panic disorder, neuralgia (nerve pain) | 20-50h (long-acting) |
| clorazepate | Tranxene T-Tab | anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, partial seizures | 20-100h (long-acting) |
| diazepam | Valium | anxiety, sedation, alcohol withdrawal, muscle spasm, seizure disorders | 20-100h (long-acting) |
| estazolam | ProSom | insomnia (short-term use) | 10-24h (medium-acting) |
| flurazepam | Dalmane | insomnia (short-term use) | 40-100h (long-acting) |
| lorazepam | Ativan | anxiety, insomnia (short-term use), seizures, sedation | 10-20h (medium-acting) |
| midazolam | Generic | sedation, preoperative; general anesthesia induction; seizures | 2.5h (short-acting) |
| oxazepam | Generic | anxiety, alcohol withdrawal | 5-15h (short-acting) |
| quazepam | Doral | insomnia (short-term use) | 25h (medium-acting) |
| remimazolam | Byfavo | sedation, preoperative, relaxant before minor procedures | 37 - 53 minutes (very short-acting) |
| temazepam | Restoril | insomnia (short-term use) | 10-20h (medium-acting) |
| triazolam | Halcion | insomnia (short-term use) | 2-5h (short-acting) |
When prescribed by a doctor and used for short periods of time, such as the day of surgery or for less than two weeks (but not every night) to aid sleep, benzodiazepines are safe to take.
Problems start to arise when benzodiazepines are taken at higher dosages than recommended, or when they are taken for more than two to four weeks. Benzodiazepines are potentially addictive and the risk of becoming emotionally and physically dependent on them increases the more you take. In addition, tolerance can develop with their use. This is when the same dose no longer gives the same effect, and a dosage increase is needed to ease symptoms again.
Benzodiazepines should only be taken at the lowest dose for the shortest possible length of time.
Drowsiness, sleepiness, or dizziness are the most common side effects reported. This can make it dangerous for people taking benzodiazepines to drive or operate machinery or perform other hazardous tasks. Alcohol may potentiate these effects.
Other commonly reported side effects include:
Withdrawal symptoms may occur with abrupt discontinuation – symptoms may include convulsions, cramps, insomnia, sweating, tremors, and vomiting.
Some people develop a paradoxical reaction to benzodiazepines – this is the opposite reaction to what you would expect. They may become agitated or very anxious, develop hallucinations, have difficulty sleeping or exhibit bizarre behavior such as taking off their clothes in public or taking unnecessary risks.
For more about benzodiazepines see Benzodiazepines: Overview and Use.
Data Source:drugs.com
Alprazolam is a medication that belongs to the benzodiazepine class and is commonly prescribed for the treatment of anxiety and panic disorders. It works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to reduce excessive brain activity and induce a calming effect. Alprazolam is available in various forms, including tablets, extended-release tablets, and oral solutions. It is typically taken orally and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional due to its potential for dependence and withdrawal symptoms.
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ALPRAZOLAM ER is a medication that belongs to the benzodiazepine class and is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and panic disorders. It is an extended-release formulation, which means that it is designed to release the medication slowly over a longer period of time, providing a more consistent and sustained effect. This medication works by enhancing the effects of a natural chemical in the body called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which helps to calm the brain and nervous system. ALPRAZOLAM ER should be taken as prescribed by a healthcare professional and should not be stopped abruptly without medical guidance, as it may cause withdrawal symptoms.
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ALPRAZOLAM ODT is a medication that is taken orally and dissolves quickly in the mouth. It is commonly prescribed to treat anxiety disorders and panic attacks. The medication belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines, which work by enhancing the effects of a natural chemical in the body to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety. ALPRAZOLAM ODT is typically taken as needed, and the dosage may vary depending on the individual's condition and response to treatment. It is important to follow the prescribed instructions and consult with a healthcare professional for proper use and potential side effects.
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ALPRAZOLAM XR is a medication that belongs to the benzodiazepine class and is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders and panic disorders. It works by enhancing the effects of a natural chemical in the body to promote relaxation and reduce anxiety. The XR in the name indicates that it is an extended-release formulation, meaning that the medication is released slowly into the body over a longer period of time. This allows for a more consistent and steady effect, reducing the need for frequent dosing. ALPRAZOLAM XR should be taken as prescribed by a healthcare professional and should not be stopped abruptly without medical guidance.
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Ativan is a prescription medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as benzodiazepines. It is primarily used to treat anxiety disorders, insomnia, and seizures. Ativan works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to calm the nervous system and reduce anxiety. It is typically taken orally in tablet form and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Ativan may cause drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination, so it is important to avoid activities that require mental alertness until the individual knows how the medication affects them. Additionally, long-term use or misuse of Ativan can lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms, so it should only be used as prescribed and for the recommended duration.
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Chlordiazepoxide is a benzodiazepine medication that is commonly used to treat anxiety and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. It works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. Chlordiazepoxide is available in tablet form and is typically taken orally. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and duration of treatment to avoid dependence or withdrawal symptoms.
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Clobazam is a medication that belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs. It is primarily used to treat seizures and anxiety disorders. Clobazam works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to reduce abnormal electrical activity and promote relaxation. It is available in tablet form and is typically taken orally. Common side effects of clobazam may include drowsiness, dizziness, and coordination problems. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and consult with a healthcare professional before starting or stopping this medication.
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Clonazepam is a medication that belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs. It is commonly prescribed to treat seizures, panic disorder, and anxiety. Clonazepam works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to reduce abnormal electrical activity and promote relaxation. It is available in tablet and orally disintegrating tablet forms and should be taken as directed by a healthcare professional. Common side effects may include drowsiness, dizziness, and coordination problems. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and not abruptly stop taking clonazepam, as it may lead to withdrawal symptoms.
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Clorazepate is a medication that belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs. It is primarily used to treat anxiety disorders and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Clorazepate works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. It is available in tablet form and is typically taken orally. Common side effects of clorazepate may include drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and not abruptly stop taking the medication, as it may lead to withdrawal symptoms.
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DIASTAT ACUDIAL is a medication used to treat seizures in individuals who have epilepsy. It is available in a dial delivery system, making it easy to administer during an emergency situation. This medication is commonly prescribed for both adults and children, providing quick and effective relief from seizures.
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Diazepam is a medication that belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs. It is commonly prescribed to treat anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, seizures, and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Diazepam works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to calm the nervous system. It is available in tablet, liquid, and injectable forms and should be taken as directed by a healthcare professional. Diazepam may cause drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion, so it is important to avoid activities that require mental alertness until the individual knows how the medication affects them. It is also important to avoid alcohol and other sedatives while taking diazepam, as they can increase the risk of side effects.
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Estazolam is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as benzodiazepines. It is primarily used to treat insomnia, a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. Estazolam works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to promote relaxation and induce sleep. This medication is typically prescribed for short-term use due to its potential for dependence and tolerance. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and duration of treatment to avoid any adverse effects.
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Klonopin is a prescription medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as benzodiazepines. It is primarily used to treat seizures and panic disorder. Klonopin works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to reduce abnormal electrical activity and promote a calming effect. It is available in tablet form and should be taken exactly as prescribed by a healthcare professional. Common side effects may include drowsiness, dizziness, and coordination problems. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and not abruptly stop taking Klonopin, as it may lead to withdrawal symptoms.
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Lorazepam is a medication that belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs. It is commonly prescribed to treat anxiety disorders, insomnia, and seizures. Lorazepam works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called GABA in the brain, which helps to calm the central nervous system. It is typically taken orally as a tablet or liquid, and the dosage is determined by a healthcare professional based on the individual's needs. Lorazepam is known for its fast-acting and short-duration effects, making it useful for managing acute symptoms of anxiety or panic attacks. However, it can also be habit-forming and may cause side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and not to abruptly stop taking lorazepam without medical supervision.
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Lorazepam Intensol is a medication that belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs. It is commonly prescribed to treat anxiety disorders, insomnia, and seizures. Lorazepam Intensol works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called GABA in the brain, which helps to calm the central nervous system. This medication is available in liquid form and is usually taken orally. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and duration of treatment as directed by a healthcare professional, as lorazepam can be habit-forming if used for an extended period. Common side effects may include drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion.
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MIDAZOLAM HCL is a medication that belongs to the benzodiazepine class. It is commonly used as a sedative, anxiolytic, and amnesic agent. It works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to calm the central nervous system. MIDAZOLAM HCL is typically administered intravenously or intramuscularly and is commonly used in medical procedures, such as surgeries or dental work, to induce sedation and reduce anxiety.
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NAYZILAM is a medication used to treat seizures in adults and children with epilepsy. It is a nasal spray that delivers a dose of midazolam, a benzodiazepine, to quickly stop seizures. This medication is typically used in emergency situations when other seizure medications are not effective or cannot be administered. NAYZILAM is easy to use and can be self-administered or given by a caregiver. It provides rapid seizure control and can help prevent the need for hospitalization.
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ONFI is a type of medication that is used to treat seizures in individuals with epilepsy. It belongs to a class of drugs called anticonvulsants, which work by reducing abnormal electrical activity in the brain. ONFI is typically prescribed as an adjunctive therapy, meaning it is used in combination with other seizure medications to help control seizures that are not adequately controlled by other treatments alone. It is available in tablet and oral suspension forms and is usually taken twice daily. Common side effects of ONFI may include drowsiness, dizziness, and coordination problems. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and consult with a healthcare professional before starting or stopping this medication.
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Oxazepam is a medication that belongs to the benzodiazepine class of drugs. It is commonly prescribed to treat anxiety disorders, insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Oxazepam works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. It is typically taken orally in tablet form and is known for its relatively long duration of action. Oxazepam is a controlled substance and should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
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Temazepam is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as benzodiazepines. It is commonly prescribed to treat insomnia and other sleep disorders. Temazepam works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to promote relaxation and induce sleep. It is typically taken orally in the form of a tablet or capsule and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
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Triazolam is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as benzodiazepines. It is primarily used to treat insomnia, as it helps to induce sleep and improve sleep quality. Triazolam works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which helps to calm the central nervous system and promote relaxation. It is typically prescribed for short-term use due to its potential for dependence and tolerance. Triazolam is available in tablet form and should be taken as directed by a healthcare professional.
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VALTOCO is a medication used to treat seizures in patients with epilepsy. It is administered as a nasal spray and contains the active ingredient diazepam. VALTOCO provides rapid and effective relief from seizure activity, making it a convenient and reliable option for managing epilepsy symptoms.
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XANAX is a prescription medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as benzodiazepines. It is commonly used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and anxiety caused by depression. XANAX works by enhancing the effects of a natural chemical in the body called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which helps to calm the brain and nervous system. It is available in tablet form and should be taken as directed by a healthcare professional.
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