Atypical antipsychotics are antipsychotics that are less likely than traditional antipsychotics to cause certain side effects, such as extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). EPS are drug-induced movement disorders and include tremor, Parkinson's-like symptoms (walking with a shuffle, mask-like facial features) and tardive dyskinesia (this describes abnormal, repetitive facial movements such as lip smacking or poking the tongue out).
Most atypical antipsychotics were discovered recently; however, clozapine is often referred to as atypical antipsychotic even though it was discovered more than 60 years ago. Atypical antipsychotics are also known as second generation antipsychotics.
Experts aren’t exactly sure how atypical antipsychotics work but they appear block certain chemical receptors in the brain, affecting levels of various neurotransmitters such as dopamine, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, or serotonin. Atypical antipsychotics appear to have a higher affinity for serotonin receptors and a lower affinity for dopamine receptors than typical antipsychotics.
Atypical antipsychotics are used to relieve symptoms such as delusions (mistaken beliefs), hearing voices, seeing things that aren’t there (hallucinations), or paranoid or confused thoughts typically associated with some mental illnesses.
They may be used to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia or a psychotic episode; in the treatment of severe depression; severe agitation or anxiety; or for stabilizing episodes of mania in people with Bipolar Disorder. Some are FDA-approved in children to treat irritability associated with Autistic disorder.
Atypical antipsychotics differ in the way that they are absorbed into the body, how they are metabolized, the length of their effect, and how they are excreted. There are also differences between them with regards to:
With regards to the difference between atypical antipsychotics and typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics are less likely to produce EPS but more likely to cause weight gain. Recently, no difference in effectiveness regarding symptom improvement between atypical antipsychotics and typical antipsychotics has been shown.
| Generic name | Brand name examples |
|---|---|
| aripiprazole | Abilify |
| asenapine | Saphris |
| brexpiprazole | Rexulti |
| cariprazine | Vraylar |
| clozapine | Clozaril, FazaClo |
| iloperidone | Fanapt |
| lurasidone | Latuda |
| olanzapine | Zyprexa |
| paliperidone | Invega |
| quetiapine | Seroquel |
| risperidone | Risperdal |
| ziprasidone | Geodon |
All medicines have their risks and benefits and atypical antipsychotics are no exception. When taken as prescribed by a doctor in people with no contraindications for their use, atypical antipsychotics are considered safe; however, some, such as clozapine, require ongoing monitoring.
About 1 in 10 people who take clozapine develop neutropenia, which is a loss in the capacity to produce white blood cells needed to fight infection. This could result in a serious infection and potentially, death. Anybody taking clozapine requires regular blood tests to check their blood cell counts. Clozapine may also cause changes in heart rate or blood pressure, constipation, excessive salivation, sedation, or weight gain. However, it does not tend to cause movement-related symptoms such as EPS.
All antipsychotics are associated with an increased risk of death when used in elderly people, especially those with dementia, and they are not approved for this use. In addition, atypical antipsychotics may cause changes in metabolism and increase the risk for diabetes and high cholesterol.
Atypical antipsychotics are more likely than typical antipsychotics to cause weight gain and metabolic disturbances including an increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol.
Other common side effects include:
All antipsychotics can cause drowsiness. Most antipsychotics are associated with high rates of discontinuation either because of side effects or a lack of effect.
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ABILIFY is a prescription medication used to treat various mental health conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. It works by affecting certain chemicals in the brain to help improve mood, behavior, and overall mental well-being. ABILIFY is typically taken orally and may be used alone or in combination with other medications as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. It is important to follow the dosage instructions provided by a healthcare professional and to communicate any concerns or side effects experienced while taking ABILIFY.
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Aripiprazole is a medication used to treat certain mental/mood disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. Aripiprazole can help improve symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, mood swings, and irritability. It may also be used in combination with other medications to treat major depressive disorder.
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Asenapine is a medication used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It works by balancing certain chemicals in the brain to improve mood, thinking, and behavior. Asenapine is typically taken orally and may cause side effects such as drowsiness, dizziness, and weight gain. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and consult with a healthcare professional before starting or stopping this medication.
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CAPLYTA is a prescription medication used to treat schizophrenia in adults. It works by targeting certain receptors in the brain to help regulate neurotransmitters and improve symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. CAPLYTA is taken orally once daily and should be used as directed by a healthcare professional. It may take several weeks to see the full effects of the medication. Common side effects may include drowsiness, dizziness, and weight gain. It is important to discuss any concerns or questions with a doctor before starting CAPLYTA.
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CLOZAPINE is a medication used to treat schizophrenia. It works by balancing certain chemicals in the brain to reduce hallucinations, delusions, and other symptoms associated with this mental disorder. CLOZAPINE is typically prescribed when other antipsychotic medications have been ineffective. It is known to have a unique mechanism of action and is considered a second-generation antipsychotic. However, it also carries a risk of serious side effects, such as agranulocytosis, which requires regular blood monitoring. Overall, CLOZAPINE is an important medication in the treatment of schizophrenia, offering relief for individuals who have not responded well to other treatments.
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CLOZAPINE ODT is a medication that is used to treat schizophrenia. It is an orally disintegrating tablet, which means it dissolves quickly in the mouth without the need for water. This makes it convenient for individuals who have difficulty swallowing pills. CLOZAPINE ODT works by balancing certain chemicals in the brain to reduce symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. It is typically prescribed when other antipsychotic medications have not been effective. However, it is important to note that CLOZAPINE ODT has a risk of serious side effects, such as a decrease in white blood cell count, which requires regular monitoring.
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CLOZARIL is a medication used to treat schizophrenia in patients who have not responded to other antipsychotic medications. It works by blocking certain receptors in the brain to help reduce symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. CLOZARIL is typically prescribed when other treatments have been ineffective or have caused severe side effects. It is important to closely monitor blood counts while taking this medication due to the risk of a serious blood disorder called agranulocytosis.
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FANAPT is a medication used to treat schizophrenia in adults. It works by balancing certain chemicals in the brain to reduce symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. FANAPT is typically taken orally and should be used as prescribed by a healthcare professional. It may take several weeks for the full effects of the medication to be felt. Common side effects may include drowsiness, dizziness, weight gain, and increased blood sugar levels. It is important to discuss any concerns or potential interactions with other medications with a doctor before starting FANAPT.
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INVEGA ER is a medication used to treat certain mental/mood disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It belongs to a class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics and works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. INVEGA ER is an extended-release tablet that is taken orally once a day and provides a steady release of the medication throughout the day. It is prescribed by healthcare professionals and should be taken as directed for optimal effectiveness.
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Invega Sustenna is a long-acting injectable medication used to treat schizophrenia in adults. It contains the active ingredient paliperidone palmitate, which helps to balance certain chemicals in the brain that are associated with psychotic disorders. This medication is administered once a month and provides continuous symptom relief, reducing the need for daily oral medication. Invega Sustenna is prescribed by healthcare professionals and is an effective option for managing symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Invega Trinza is a long-acting injectable medication used to treat schizophrenia in adults. It contains the active ingredient paliperidone palmitate, which helps to balance certain chemicals in the brain that are associated with psychosis. This medication is administered once every three months and provides continuous symptom control, reducing the need for daily oral medication. Invega Trinza is prescribed by healthcare professionals and is an effective option for individuals who struggle with adherence to daily medication regimens.
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Latuda is a prescription medication used to treat schizophrenia in adults and adolescents aged 13 to 17. It belongs to a class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics and works by affecting certain chemicals in the brain. Latuda helps to reduce hallucinations, improve thinking and behavior, and prevent mood swings. It is typically taken once daily with food and should be used as directed by a healthcare professional. Common side effects may include drowsiness, nausea, and restlessness.
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Olanzapine is a medication that is primarily used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It belongs to a class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics, which work by balancing certain chemicals in the brain. Olanzapine helps to reduce hallucinations, delusions, and other symptoms associated with these mental health conditions. It may also be prescribed for other off-label uses, such as treating anxiety or depression. Olanzapine is typically taken orally in tablet form, and the dosage is determined by a healthcare professional based on the individual's specific needs and response to the medication.
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Olanzapine ODT is a medication that is used to treat certain mental/mood disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics and works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. Olanzapine ODT is available in orally disintegrating tablet form, making it easier to take for individuals who have difficulty swallowing. It is typically taken once daily, with or without food, as directed by a healthcare professional.
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Olanzapine-fluoxetine is a combination medication that contains two active ingredients: olanzapine, an antipsychotic medication, and fluoxetine, an antidepressant. This medication is primarily used to treat bipolar depression, a mental disorder characterized by episodes of depression and mania. Olanzapine-fluoxetine works by balancing certain chemicals in the brain to improve mood, reduce anxiety, and stabilize emotions. It is typically prescribed when other medications have not been effective in managing bipolar depression.
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Paliperidone ER is a medication used to treat certain mental/mood disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics and works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. This extended-release formulation of paliperidone allows for once-daily dosing, providing a steady release of the medication throughout the day. It is typically prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment plan that may include therapy and other interventions.
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Quetiapine ER is a medication used to treat certain mental/mood disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics and works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. Quetiapine ER is an extended-release formulation, meaning it is designed to release the medication slowly over time, providing a longer duration of action compared to immediate-release formulations. This allows for once-daily dosing, making it more convenient for patients.
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Quetiapine fumarate is a medication that is commonly prescribed for the treatment of mental health conditions such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It belongs to a class of drugs known as atypical antipsychotics and works by balancing certain chemicals in the brain. Quetiapine fumarate can help alleviate symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and mood swings. It is typically taken orally in tablet form and may be used in combination with other medications or therapies for optimal results.
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REXULTI is a prescription medication used to treat certain mental health conditions such as schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. It works by balancing certain chemicals in the brain to improve mood, thoughts, and behavior. REXULTI is typically taken orally once daily and may be prescribed in combination with other medications or therapies. It is important to follow the dosage instructions provided by a healthcare professional and to report any side effects or concerns.
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Risperidone is a medication used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and irritability associated with autism. It works by balancing certain chemicals in the brain to improve mood, thinking, and behavior. Risperidone is available in tablet and liquid form and is typically taken once or twice a day. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and consult with a healthcare professional for any concerns or side effects.
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SAPHRIS is a medication used to treat symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It works by balancing certain chemicals in the brain to improve mood, thinking, and behavior. This prescription drug is typically taken orally and comes in the form of a tablet or a dissolvable film that is placed under the tongue. It is important to follow the dosage instructions provided by a healthcare professional and to report any side effects experienced while taking SAPHRIS.
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VRAYLAR is a prescription medication used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It works by balancing certain chemicals in the brain to improve mood, thinking, and behavior. VRAYLAR is available in tablet form and is typically taken once daily with or without food. It is important to follow the dosage instructions provided by a healthcare professional and to continue taking the medication as prescribed, even if symptoms improve. Common side effects may include nausea, vomiting, restlessness, and weight gain. It is important to discuss any concerns or questions about VRAYLAR with a healthcare provider.
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Ziprasidone HCL is a medication used to treat certain mental/mood disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It works by helping to restore the balance of certain natural substances in the brain. This medication can help improve symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. It may also help decrease aggression and prevent mood swings. Ziprasidone HCL is available in tablet form and is typically taken orally once or twice a day with food. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and consult with a healthcare professional for proper usage and potential side effects.
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ZYPREXA is a prescription medication that is primarily used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. It belongs to a class of drugs called atypical antipsychotics, which work by balancing certain chemicals in the brain. ZYPREXA helps to reduce symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and mood swings. It is available in tablet form and is typically taken once daily. Common side effects may include drowsiness, weight gain, and dry mouth. It is important to follow the dosage instructions provided by a healthcare professional and to report any unusual or severe side effects.
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