Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) reduce the production of acid by the stomach. They work by irreversibly blocking an enzyme called H+/K+ ATPase which controls acid production. This enzyme is also known as the proton pump and is found in the parietal cells of the stomach wall.
PPIs treat conditions that are caused by either an overproduction of stomach acid or exacerbated by stomach acid. Taking a PPI once a day inhibits around 70% of the proton pumps, so a small amount of acid is still available for food digestion.
PPIs may be used for the treatment of:
All PPIs work in the same way, by inhibiting the proton pump. However, there are differences in their likelihood of drug interactions, and in the way they bind to the proton pump. This can affect how long they last for.
All the PPIs available in the U.S. are metabolized in the liver by certain liver enzymes (mainly CYP2C19 and 3A4). There is a lot of individual variation in the way these liver enzymes work, and experts have identified three categories of people; extensive metabolizers (homEM), poor metabolizers (PM), and people that sit somewhere in between (hetM).
Approximately 3% of Caucasians and 15-20% of Asians are PM. PM take longer to excrete the drug and therefore their response to PPIs is increased several fold. For example, the pH of gastric acid is around 6 in PM after PPIs compared to around 3-4 in extensive metabolizers (where 1 is the most acidic pH). Metabolism is also affected in people of an older age and in those with liver disease. Esomeprazole is the only PPI that is well tolerated by people with liver disease. The extent that somebody is able to metabolize a PPI can also affect their risk of drug interactions.
| Generic name | Brand name examples |
|---|---|
| dexlansoprazole | Dexilant |
| esomeprazole | Nexium |
| lansoprazole | Prevacid |
| omeprazole | Prilosec |
| pantoprazole | Protonix |
| rabeprazole | Aciphex |
When taken at the recommended dosage for the recommended duration of time, PPIs are considered safe. However, they have been associated with several serious adverse effects including:
In addition, there is a risk that the use of PPIs may mask the symptoms of gastric cancer. All patients with a suboptimal response to PPIs or whose symptoms recur following PPI withdrawal should have additional diagnostic testing, and an endoscopy should be considered in older people before treatment initiation.
Patients should only take PPIs as directed by their doctor or according to the instructions on the packet if bought over the counter.
PPIs are generally well tolerated. The more common side effects reported with their use include:
For a complete list of side effects, please refer to the individual drug monographs.
Data Source:drugs.com
ACIPHEX DR is a medication used to treat certain stomach and esophagus problems such as acid reflux and ulcers. It belongs to a class of drugs called proton pump inhibitors, which work by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. ACIPHEX DR is available in delayed-release tablets, which are designed to release the medication slowly over time. This allows for longer-lasting relief from symptoms and improved healing of the affected areas. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and directions for use to ensure the best results.
Data Source:medlineplus.gov
DEXILANT DR is a medication that is commonly prescribed to treat symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and other conditions related to excessive stomach acid production. It belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and works by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. DEXILANT DR is available in delayed-release capsules, which are designed to release the medication slowly over time for long-lasting relief. It is typically taken once daily and can provide relief from symptoms such as heartburn, acid regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing.
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DEXLANSOPRAZOLE DR is a medication that belongs to the class of proton pump inhibitors. It is used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stomach ulcers. DEXLANSOPRAZOLE DR works by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach, providing relief from symptoms such as heartburn and acid reflux. It is available in delayed-release capsules for oral administration.
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ESOMEPRAZOLE DR is a medication that belongs to the class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors. It is commonly prescribed to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and other conditions that involve excessive stomach acid production. The "DR" in the name stands for delayed-release, indicating that the medication is designed to release the active ingredient slowly over time. This allows for longer-lasting relief from symptoms and helps to protect the esophagus and stomach lining from damage caused by acid. ESOMEPRAZOLE DR is typically taken orally in the form of a capsule or tablet.
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ESOMEPRAZOLE MAG DR is a medication that belongs to the class of proton pump inhibitors. It is commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and other stomach acid-related disorders. The medication works by reducing the production of stomach acid, providing relief from symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach pain. ESOMEPRAZOLE MAG DR is available in various forms, including capsules and tablets, and is typically taken orally. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and instructions provided by a healthcare professional when using this medication.
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Lansoprazole DR is a medication that belongs to the proton pump inhibitor (PPI) class. It is commonly prescribed to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stomach ulcers, and excessive stomach acid production. The "DR" in the name stands for delayed-release, indicating that the medication is designed to release slowly in the body for prolonged effectiveness. Lansoprazole DR works by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach, providing relief from symptoms such as heartburn, indigestion, and acid reflux. It is available in various forms, including capsules and orally disintegrating tablets, and is typically taken once daily before a meal.
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Lansoprazole ODT is a medication that is used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stomach ulcers, and certain types of stomach infections. It belongs to a class of drugs called proton pump inhibitors, which work by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Lansoprazole ODT is available in orally disintegrating tablet form, making it convenient and easy to take. It provides relief from symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach pain, allowing individuals to manage their digestive health effectively.
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NAPROXEN-ESOMEPRAZ DR is a medication that combines the pain-relieving effects of naproxen with the stomach-protecting effects of esomeprazole. It is commonly used to treat conditions such as arthritis, menstrual cramps, and other types of pain. The medication works by reducing inflammation and blocking the production of certain substances in the body that cause pain and discomfort. It is available in tablet form and should be taken as directed by a healthcare professional.
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NEXIUM DR is a medication that belongs to the class of proton pump inhibitors. It is commonly prescribed to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), ulcers, and other stomach acid-related disorders. NEXIUM DR works by reducing the production of stomach acid, providing relief from symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach pain. It is available in the form of delayed-release capsules for oral administration.
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OMEPRAZOLE DR is a medication that belongs to the proton pump inhibitor class. It is commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stomach ulcers, and excessive stomach acid production. OMEPRAZOLE DR works by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach, providing relief from symptoms such as heartburn, indigestion, and acid reflux. It is available in delayed-release capsules, which are designed to release the medication slowly and provide long-lasting effects. OMEPRAZOLE DR is typically taken once daily, with or without food, as directed by a healthcare professional.
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OMEPRAZOLE-BICARB is a combination medication that contains omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, and bicarbonate, an antacid. It is commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stomach ulcers, and excessive stomach acid production. OMEPRAZOLE-BICARB works by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach and providing relief from symptoms such as heartburn, indigestion, and acid reflux. It is available in various forms, including capsules and tablets, and is typically taken orally.
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Pantoprazole is a medication that belongs to the class of proton pump inhibitors. It is commonly prescribed to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stomach ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Pantoprazole works by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach, providing relief from symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach pain. It is available in tablet form and is usually taken once daily before a meal. Pantoprazole is a prescription-only medication and should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.
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Pantoprazole Sod DR is a medication used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stomach ulcers. It belongs to a class of drugs called proton pump inhibitors, which work by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. This helps to relieve symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach pain. Pantoprazole Sod DR is available in tablet form and is typically taken once daily before a meal. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and duration of treatment as directed by a healthcare professional.
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PREVACID is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs known as proton pump inhibitors. It is commonly prescribed to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stomach ulcers, and excessive stomach acid production. PREVACID works by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach, providing relief from symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach pain. It is available in various forms, including capsules and oral disintegrating tablets, and is typically taken once daily before a meal.
Data Source:medlineplus.gov
PRILOSEC DR is a medication that belongs to the proton pump inhibitor class. It is commonly used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), stomach ulcers, and other digestive disorders. The medication works by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach, providing relief from symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux, and indigestion. PRILOSEC DR is available in delayed-release capsules, which are designed to release the medication slowly and provide long-lasting relief. It is typically taken once daily, either with or without food, as directed by a healthcare professional.
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Protonix is a medication used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stomach ulcers. It belongs to a class of drugs called proton pump inhibitors, which work by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. Protonix helps relieve symptoms such as heartburn, acid regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing. It can also help heal and prevent the formation of ulcers in the stomach and esophagus. Protonix is available in tablet form and is typically taken once daily before a meal.
Data Source:medlineplus.gov
Protonix DR is a medication used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stomach ulcers. It belongs to a class of drugs called proton pump inhibitors, which work by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. This helps to relieve symptoms such as heartburn, acid reflux, and stomach pain. Protonix DR is available in delayed-release tablets and should be taken as directed by a healthcare professional.
Data Source:medlineplus.gov
Rabeprazole sodium delayed-release (DR) is a medication used to treat conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and stomach ulcers. It belongs to a class of drugs called proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and works by reducing the amount of acid produced in the stomach. The delayed-release formulation ensures that the medication is released slowly in the body, providing long-lasting relief from symptoms. Rabeprazole sodium DR is available in tablet form and is typically taken once daily before a meal. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and duration of treatment as directed by a healthcare professional.
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